Flt3-Ligand as a receptor for the fl cytokine has a tyrosine-protein kinase activity and a growth factor that regulates proliferation of early hematopoietic cells. Flt3-Ligand synergizes with other CSFs and interleukins to induce growth and differentiation. Flt3-Ligand Murine Recombinant produced in E. coli is non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 163 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 18587 Dalton. Flt3-Ligand is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Synonyms: Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, FLK2, STK1, CD135, Stem Cell Tyrosine Kinase 1, FLT3LG, Flt3.

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Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), originally known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a signal protein produced by cells that stimulates vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.

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The tumor necrosis factor is a multifunctional signal protein of the immune system (cytokine) which is involved in inflammation processes. TNF is mainly secreted by macrophages and also by various cells including, activated monocytes, B cells, T cells, adipocytes and fibroblasts. TNF can trigger different processes like apoptosis, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and the release of other cytokine counts to it.
Synonyms: Tumornekrosefaktor-α, TNF-α, TNF alpha, TNFA, Tumor Necrosis Factor, TNFSF2, Cachectin, Differentiation-inducing factor (DIF), Necrosin, Cytotoxin

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TRAIL is a cytokine that is produced and secreted by most normal tissue cells. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a ligand molecule which induces apoptosis. It is a type II transmembrane protein with homology to other members of the tumor necrosis factor family. TRAIL binds to the death receptors, DR4 and DR5. The process of apoptosis is caspase-8-dependent. This protein preferentially induces apoptosis in transformed and tumor cells, but does not appear to kill normal cells although it is expressed at a significant level in most normal tissues.
Synonyms: Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, Protein TRAIL, Apo-2 ligand, Apo-2L, CD253 antigen, TL2, APO2L, TNFSF10

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Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors are cytokines that act in hematopoiesis by controlling the production, differentiation, and function of two related white cell populations of the blood, the granulocytes and the monocytes-macrophages.
M-CSF induces cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. M-CSF plays a role in immunological defenses, bone metabolism, lipoprotein clearance, fertility and pregnancy.
M-CSF (human recombinant, produced in E. coli) is a non-glycosylated, disulfide -linked homodimer polypeptide chain containing 2x159 amino acids and having a total molecular mass of 36.8 kD. M-CSF is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Synonyms: MCSF, CSF-1, lanimostim

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The term ’PDGF’ refers to a family of disulphide bond-linked dimeric isoforms that act as autocrine and paracrine growth factors and are produced by a variety of cell types other than platelets. They act as potent mitogens for almost all mesenchyme-derived cells.
Aberrant expression is involved in certain cancers, fibro-proliferative disorders and atherosclerosis. The proteins also contribute to wound healing and neural regeneration. There are four members of the PDGF family – PDGF A, PDGF B, PDGF C and PDGF D. Two distinct types of PDGF-A exist – a short form that is soluble and a long form that is retained by the extracellular matrix.
PDGF AB human recombinant is a heterodimeric, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 234 amino acids consisting of 13.3 kDa alpha-chain and 12.2 kDa beta-chain having a total molecular mass of 25.5 kDa. PDGF-AB is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Synonyms: Glioma-derived growth factor, Osteosarcoma-derived growth factor

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Platelet-derived Growth Factor BB (PDGF-BB) is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor family. The four members of this family are mitogenic factors for cells of mesenchymal origin and are characterized by a motif of eight cysteines. This gene product can exist either as a homodimer (PDGF-BB) or as a heterodimer with the platelet-derived growth factor alpha polypeptide (PDGF-AB), where the dimers are connected by disulfide bonds.
Mutations in this gene are associated with meningioma. Two splice variants have been identified for this gene. PDGF-BB human recombinant is a homo-
dimeric, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 2 x 109 amino acids (218 amino acids total) and having a molecular mass of 24.3 kDa.
PDGF-BB is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Synonyms: Glioma-derived growth factor, Osteosarcoma-derived growth factor, PDGF-2

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Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) is a multifunctional growth factor which regulates both cell growth and cell motility. It exerts a strong mitogenic effect on hepatocytes and primary epithelial cells. HGF synergizes with Interleukin-3 and GM-CSF to stimulate colony formation of hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro and may, therefore, also modulate hematopoiesis.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Human Recombinant produced in CHO is a heterodimer, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain consisting an a-chain of 463 amino acids and b-chain of 234 having a total molecular mass of approximately 75kDa. The HGF is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Synonyms: Scatter Factor (SF), Hepatopoietin (HPTA), HGF.

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Leukemia Inhibitory Factor, also called LIF, is a lymphoid factor that promotes long-term maintenance of embryonic stem cells by suppressing spontaneous differentiation.
LIF has several functions such as cholinergic neuron differentiation, control of stem cell pluripotency, bone and fat metabolism, mitogenesis of factor dependent cell lines and promotion of megakaryocyte production in vivo. Human and mouse LIF exhibit a 78% identity in its amino acid sequence.
Human recombinant LIF produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 180 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 19.7 kDa. The Leukemia Inhibitory Factor is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Synonyms: CDF, HILDA, D-FACTOR, Differentiation-stimulating factor, Melanoma-derived LPL inhibitor, MLPLI, Emfilermin, Leukemia inhibitory factor, LIF, DIA

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The somatomedins, or insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), comprise a family of peptides that play important roles in mammalian growth and development. IGF-1 mediates many of the growth-promoting effects of growth hormone (GH; MIM 139250). Early studies showed that growth hormone did not directly stimulate the incorporation of sulfate into cartilage, but rather acted through a serum factor, termed 'sulfation factor', which later became known as 'somatomedin' (Daughaday et al.; 1972). Three main somatomedins have been characterized: somatomedin C (IGF-1), somatomedin A (IGF-2; MIM 147470), and somatomedin B (MIM 193190).
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Human Recombinant produced in E. coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 70 amino acids and having a molecular weight of 7,600 Da.
IGF-1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Synonyms: Somatomedin C, IGF-I, IGFI, IGF1, IGF-IA, Mechano growth factor, MGF

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Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important signaling protein involved in both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. As its name implies, VEGF activity has been mostly studied on cells of the vascular endothelium, although it does have effects on a number of other cell types (e.g. stimulation monocyte & macrophage migration, neurons, cancer cells, kidney epithelial cells).
VEGF induces angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth, promotes cell migration, and inhibits apoptosis. In vitro, VEGF has been shown to stimulate endothelial cell mitogenesis and cell migration. VEGF is also a vasodilator and increases microvascular permeability and was originally referred to as vascular permeability factor.
VEGF human recombinant produced in E. coli is a double, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 165 amino acids having a molecular mass of 38231 D. The VEGF is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Synonyms: VEGF-A, vascular permeability factor

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Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) is a cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and is a member of a group of cytokines that stimulate the acute phase reaction. TNF is mainly secreted by macrophages.
TNF causes apoptotic cell death, cellular proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, tumorigenesis and viral replication. TNF is also involved in lipid metabolism and coagulation. The primary role of TNF is in the regulation of immune cells.
Dysregulation and, in particular, overproduction of TNF have been implicated in a variety of human diseases - autoimmune diseases, insulin resistance, and cancer. TNF-a human recombinant produced in E. coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 158 amino acids (157 amino acids of the mature human TNF-a and an N-terminal methionine) and having a molecular mass of 17.5 kDa. The TNF-a is purified by standard chromatographic techniques.
Synonyms: TNF-a, TNF-alpha, Tumor necrosis factor ligand super family member 2

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Transforming growth factor betas (TGFBetas) mediate many cell-cell interactions that occur during embryonic development. In mammals three TGFbetas have been identified.
TGFb1, TGFb2 and TGFb3 are synthesized as precursor proteins that are very similar in that each is cleaved to yield a 112 amino acid polypeptide that remains associated with the latent portion of the molecule.
TGF beta 1 hum. rec. is produced in Human 293 cells as a homodimeric polypeptide chain containing 2 x 112 amino acids and having a total molecular mass of 25.6kDa. The protein is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Synonyms: growth factor beta-1, TG-beta-1, CED, DPD1, TGFB, TGF-b 1, LAP, TGFB1

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PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB and PDGF-AB, are potent mitogens for a variety of cell types including smooth muscle cells, connective tissue cells, bone and cartilage cells, and some blood cells. The PDGF is stored in platelet alpha-granules and released upon platelet activation. The PDGF is involved in a number of biological processes, including hyperplasia, chemotaxis, embryonic neuron development, and respiratory tubule epithelial cell development.
Two distinct signaling receptors used by PDGF have been identified and named PDGFR-alpha and PDGFR-beta. PDGFR-alpha is high-affinity receptor for each of the three PDGF forms. On the other hand, PDGFR-beta interacts with only PDGF-BB and PDGF-AB.
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor AA Human Recombinant is a homodimeric, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 2 x 125 amino acids and having a total molecular mass of 28511 Dalton. PDGF-AA is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Synonyms: Glioma-derived growth factor, GDGF, Osteosarcoma-derived Growth Factor, ODGF, PDGF-AA, PDGF-1.

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Granulocyte/Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factors are cytokines that act in hematopoiesis by controlling the production, differentiation, and function of 2 related white cell populations of the blood, the granulocytes and the monocytes-macrophages. CSF-1 induces cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. It plays a role in immunological defenses, bone metabolism, lipoproteins clearance, fertility and pregnancy. Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor Mouse Recombinant produced in E. coli is a disulfide linked homodimer, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 2 x 156 amino acids and having a total molecular mass of 36.4 KD. MCSF is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Synonyms: CSF-1, Lanimostim, MCSF, M-CSF.

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Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) is a lymphoid factor that promotes long-term maintenance of embryonic stem cells by suppressing spontaneous differentiation. LIF has several functions such as cholinergic neuron differentiation, control of stem cell pluripotency, bone and fat metabolism, mitogenesis of factor dependent cell lines and promotion of megakaryocyte production in vivo. Human and mouse LIF exhibit a 78% identity in their amino acid sequence.
LIF murine recombinant produced in E. coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 181 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 20 kDa. The LIF is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Synonyms: CDF, DIA, Differentiation-stimulating factor

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IGF-2 is a member of the insulin family of polypeptide growth factors that is involved in development and growth. It is a candidate for eating disorders. Two alternatively spliced transripts encoding the same protein have been found for the gene. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non -glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 67 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 7505 Dalton. IGF-II is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Synonyms: Somatomedin-A, IGF2, INSIGF, PP9974, C11orf43, FLJ22066, FLJ44734

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Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) is a multifunctional growth factor which regulates both cell growth and cell motility. It exerts a strong mitogenic effect on hepatocytes and primary epithelial cells. HGF synergizes with Interleukin-3 and GM-CSF to stimulate colony formation of hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro and may, therefore, also modulate hematopoiesis.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Human Recombinant produced in Baculovirus is a heterodimer, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 697 a.a and having a total molecular mass of 78.0 KDa. The HGF is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Synonyms: Scatter Factor (SF), Hepatopoietin (HPTA), HGF.

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GM-CSF is a monomeric glycoprotein that functions as a cytokine. It is a white blood cell growth factor. Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth and differentiation factor that stimulates the development of neutrophils and macrophages, and promotes the proliferation and development of early erythroid megakaryocytic and eosinophilic progenitor cells. It also stimulates growth in some epithelial cells and osteoclasts. GM-CSF is produced by a variety of cell types (monocytes, endothelial cells, T-cells, fibroblasts, mitogen-stimulated B-cells, and LPS-stimulated macrophages).
Recombinant Murine GM-CSF is a 14.2 kDa globular protein consisting of 125 amino acid residues. Human and murine GM-CSF share approx. 54% sequence homology and do not cross-react in bioactivity.
Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 125 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 14285.35 Dalton. GM-CSF Mouse is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Synonyms: Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, CSF-2, MGI-1GM, Pluripoietin-α, molgramostin, sargramostim, Csfgm, Gm-CSf, GMCSF, MGI-IGM

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Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), also known as colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), is a monomeric glycoprotein secreted by macrophages, T cells, mast cells, NK cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts that functions as a cytokin.
Synonyms: CSF-2, MGI-1GM, GMCSF, Pluripoietin-alpha, Molgramostin, Sargramostim

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